The Copernicus Observatory, the Earth observation component of the European Union’s Space programme, is expected to report that 2025 will be the second-warmest year on record globally.

The observatory also notes that November 2025 was “the third warmest globally” on record.

2025 presents a temperature level identical to that of 2023, pending the statistics for December and the final report, which may put this year on the podium of the highest temperatures, after the historic high of 2024.

Across the world, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, deadlier and more destructive. November was marked by extreme weather events, particularly tropical cyclones in Southeast Asia, which caused large-scale catastrophic flooding and human loss. Across Europe, heavy rainfall also led to serious flooding and widespread damage to infrastructure.